1、Income is constructively received and included in gross income if:
a. it is readily available to the taxpayer.
b.actual receipt is not subject to substantial limitations or restrictions.
c.it is readily available to the taxpayer and actual receipt is not subject to substantial limitations or restrictions.
d.None of the answer choices are necessary for the income to be included in gross income.
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Answer: c
Income that is constructively received is included in gross income. An example is interest income credited to an account by a financial institution. Income is constructively received if it is readily available to the taxpayer and actual receipt is not subject to substantial limitations or restrictions.
2、In financial statements prepared on an income-tax basis, how should the nondeductible portion of expenses, such as meals and entertainment, be reported?
a.Included in the expense category in the determination of income
b.Included in a separate category in the determination of income
c.Excluded from the determination of income, but included in the determination of retained earnings
d.Excluded from the financial statements
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Answer: a
Taxable income is an amount resulting from the application of tax rules governing revenues and expenses. Some revenues/expenses are specifically excluded or subjected to limitation(s).
When determining net income using the income-tax basis, a fair determination necessitates using the nondeductible (for taxes) portion of expenses (such as meals and entertainment) as long as they are legitimate business expenses.
3、Young & Cheerful's modified cash-basis financial statements indicate cash paid for operating expenses of $150,000, end-of-year prepaid expenses of $15,000, and accrued liabilities of $25,000. At the beginning of the year, Young & Cheerful had prepaid expenses of $10,000, while accrued liabilities were $5,000. If cash paid for operating expenses is converted to accrual-basis operating expenses, what would be the amount of operating expenses?
a.$125,000
b.$135,000
c.$165,000
d.$175,000
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Answer: c
In converting expenses from a cash basis to an accrual basis, a prepaid expense increase of $5,000 must be deducted because it is an expense on a cash basis and an asset on an accrual basis. An increase of $20,000 in accrued liabilities must be added because it is an expense incurred but not paid.
$150,000 - $5,000 + $20,000 = $165,000